Personal Statement On Self Confidence - 1099 Words

learnt at university, to plan out my vision before expressing it. This will help others buy in to my vision. To do this, I will need to improve my self-confidence. Self-confidence is an important characteristic of successful leaders. Cavallo and Brienza (2006) explain that self-confidence assists in the imaging process. Having self-confidence not only helps, when and how well you explain your vision, but, can help in developing an advanced vision (Sosik Dinger, 2007). Sosik and Dinger (2007) state that confident leaders are able to portray their idea in a way that facilitates trust, necessary for implementation. This is something that I have always struggled with, I have always doubted my ability and skills. This makes me shy a way of sharing ideas and for fighting for them. On placement, I would often use language that was discouraging of myself as a social work practitioner and my skill set. My supervisor stated, that I need to be more confident in what I bring to the organizatio n. From this, I realized as a future practitioner near my final stages of my degree, self-confidence is a characteristic that I need to really further develop. This is because, there is a need as a professional, to be confident in my own practice, in order for my future clients and colleagues to trust in my ability. According to Adams and Adams (2008) there is a perception of power that clients feel. This perception, is that they assume that the worker in authority are competent. Thus, if IShow MoreRelatedPersonal Statement : Self Confidence2002 Words   |  9 Pagesof all roles, leadership requires one to play the part. Self-confidence is a tool I have learned to use in order to facilitate relations and create opportunity for growth, as a student, a debater, and as a young professional. Without self-confidence, one limits their ability to lead effectively, because one must be self-confidence in order to instill motivation within oneself and convince others to believe in you as wel l. Personal Statement Relations comprise the individual, and one cannot be separateRead MorePersonal Statement On Self Confidence991 Words   |  4 PagesSelf-confidence To have a positive outlook on life we all have to gain confidence physically and mentally. We can attain self-confidence overtime; we need it in order to be successful in life. Although, it is difficult in our society to attain high level self-esteem due to picture perfect images, plastic surgery, and surreal role models. Low self-esteem is not only in women it is in men; everyone has some sort of low self-esteem because as humans none of us are perfect. Technology has come a longRead MorePersonal Statement On Self Esteem And Confidence992 Words   |  4 Pagesdestiny. To make any changes in your life you must first acknowledge that something needs to change. This realisation might come about after experiencing difficulties in one, or commonly, more areas of your life. These might include:- Self esteem and confidence Relationships Career Work/life balance Health Parenting Stress Bad habits (smoking, excessive drinking) Exercise and nutrition Debt and finances Weight loss Anxiety, depression and panic attacks It is however important to acknowledge thatRead MorePersonal Statement : Improving Self Confidence Essay2239 Words   |  9 PagesSELF CONFIDENCE AND LEADERSHIP Improving Self Confidence in order to build leadership skills and become the leader of the college. Abstract/Executive Summary Leadership is one such quality in a person that makes him stand out of the crowd. Leadership is not inherent instead it is developed over time and which is more of a personality trait. In simple words, Leadership can be defined as a quality developed by an individual over time to lead a group of people or to guide a group of people or team toRead MoreConstruct Development and Scale Creation Essay1465 Words   |  6 PagesCreation Choose a construct you would like to measure. I picked self-confidence. According to Brown (2004) self confidence is defined as ones ability to rely on themselves, to assert oneself socially, regarding what one thinks and possessing the skills to work independently, based on ones learning from personal experience and the ability to make use of prior knowledge. Self confidence measures include self efficacy, self esteem, knowledge and ability to work out problem situations and makeRead MoreThe Career Development Center Counsels Students1164 Words   |  5 Pagesstudents who come in through walk-ins have no prior experience of applying for internships/jobs and and are often conflicted about immediately going to graduate school or working once they graduate. More often than not, these students are accompanied by self-defeating attitudes such as feeling inadequate for a job or internship due to a lack of experience, doubting their capabilities of getting a job/internship, expressing insecurities of not having a perfect GPA, or feeling extremely doubtful of havingRead MoreA Pattern Based Discourse Analysis1447 Words   |  6 Pagesmotivations for exercise based on the first theme, ‘The Way we Were’. However, as the interview continues, a pattern of more personal motivations become apparent; and from them a dualistic internal discourse develops around the ‘Self-empowerment or Path to Burnout?’ theme. From it emerges a secondary narrative, in which the participant cites both positive and negative self-talk as motivating factors for her fitness regime, leading one to question whether the participant may be pushing herself tooRead MoreCritical Appraisal And Its Impact On Nurses Essay1325 Words   |  6 Pagesintroductory leads to the statement of problem, which was not categorically stated or headlined. In the study, according to National League of Nursing (NLN) â€Å"Nursing specialty certification is evidence of a commitment to professional nursing practice and quality patient outcomes.† (Schroeter et a l., 2012. P.36). the introduction proportionately has more review on certification and its impact on patient outcome than the perceptions of nurses about certification. Problem Problem statement is embedded in paragraphRead MoreDiscuss Spirituality And How It Can Influence Individuals Faith And Affect Their Way Of Prosper1235 Words   |  5 Pagesway of prosper in their chosen religion. Spirituality applies a connection with faith; both create confidence and trust in searching for a meaning for life or a superior being, depending on the individual’s chosen religion. The research completed for this paper was determined from the results of Stephen P. Robbins’ self-assessment test IV.A.4: How Spiritual Am I? From the results and conclusion, the self-assessment presented that I have a high spirituality score. Since a child, I was raised to understandRead MoreQuiz Reflection 1-1. Quiz One Measure The Students Readiness1005 Words   |  5 Pagesfor a leadership role. I believe the reason why I scored high on this quiz is because of my outgoing personality. I enjoy communicating and networking with others. I am always willing to help and teach ot hers in need. I believe that many of the statements on the quiz exemplify my natural personality. I am a hard worker always ready to learn and help others. Quiz Reflection 1-2 Quiz 1-2 wants the reader to reflect on any leadership roles held in their present and past. During my 24 years of life I

Dr. Randy Pausch s Lecture At Carnegie Mellon University

In the West, life and death is a very sensitive topic. So many people are obsessed with living as long as they can and trying to put off what will come regardless. Dr. Randy Pausch presented to the world a different view on death. He came out with the bold attitude towards death based on the idea that anyone can always have fun and enjoy life despite the fact that there is a definite ending. Pausch was able to persuade the four hundred some-odd people in the hall to shift their focus away from death and more towards the childhood dreams of both themselves and others. He is able to present a solid argument that it is certainly possible to lead a life full of happiness and fulfillment as long as one is focused on bettering the lives of those around them. Pausch gave his lecture at Carnegie Mellon University on September 18th, 2007. At this point, doctors had expected him to last another three to six months. Pausch was a professor at CMU, and as tradition, retiring professors give a fin al lecture as their goodbye. The idea is to give a speech as though one was dying. It is here that one can find extreme irony, as Pausch really was dying. This is not the only source of irony, however. There is more irony surrounding the timing of the speech. Pausch gave his lecture at the beginning of the school year. While those around him were starting a new chapter of their lives, he was beginning his last. The juxtaposition of the two is almost comical in a dark way. That s not all,Show MoreRelatedDr. Randy Computer Science At Carnegie Mellon University1474 Words   |  6 Pages Dr. Randy Pausch, a professor of computer science at Carnegie-Mellon University who was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer, educated me with his powerful inspirational message. Dr. Randy Pausch, 47 years old man who has terminal cancer with a life expectancy of a few months gave me a life lesson. He thought me how to achieve dreams also how to face death. Being diagnosed with any kinds of cancer is deva stating and despairing, but for him it was opposite; he was happy and cognitively healthy during

Comments About the Sona of President Aquino 2011 free essay sample

Crab Leader In the State of the Nation Address of President Noynoy Aquino last week what i liked most about his speech is the way he addressed the Filipino people. He addressed the people as his ‘bosses’, and in all humility he regarded all his achievements for the past year as the achievements of the country, his and the Filipino People’s achievements. He always use ‘nagawa natin’ at ‘atin’ throughout his speech. This shows how he sees his position not just as a powerful position, but a privilege to represent the country and serve the people. This mind set gives me hope, that he would serve better than the previous officials who have been drowned in the corrupt system. I liked best the way he presented his SONA as ‘makamasa’. He used Filipino, but in the best way possible. He opted not to use english like how the previous president Arroyo did. But i liked it because by doing so, he was able to capture the attention of everyone, not just those who are educated. He was able to get the attention of even the poorest of the poor because the language he used did not hinder them from understanding; but at the same time because of his correct manner of speaking, his educated way of addressing, and his strategy of using facts and figures in his speech, he was also able to capture the eyes and ears of the middle and upper class. My friends and i are actually living statements. I find this year’s SONA more effective and striking than the previous year’s. It actually got my attention and made me believe that there’s hope for this country, hope for progress, and hope that corruption will be erradicated in the system. The main problem in this country is not the resources, nor the skills of the people, but that of corruption. And the president was right in addressing this issue and attacking all the problems right through the roots. Throughout his SONA, he constantly uses ‘wang-wang’ and stresses his struggles to fight against it. He is brave and direct in addressing corruption. He was specific in his examples and i think this is a good way of waking up the officials who are abusive of their power. His example about the abuse in traffic by the officials, inclucing their ‘padrino and alipores’ was a simple way of showing how much he hates corruption even in its simplest form. He was right in saying the officials ‘imbis na maglingkod, ay naghahari’, because it is a reality in our country. Those who run for office mostly are interested in the power, not in what they can do for the country. They are more focused on their personal benefits rather than the common good. If we want a better society, this mentality should change. Next to attacking ‘wang-wang’, the thing i liked best about his achievements was the housing for the police and the military. He was right in saying that it’s really difficult to say no to ‘pagdedelihensiya’ when your family is struggling for money. We all know that the police and military don’t really earn much, and in our Filipino culture of having lots of children, and making wives just as housewives, it surely won’t be enough to support the whole family. Providing housing for them will give them no excuse to resolve to corruption. It’s similary to the case of the criminals who resolve to stealing because of extreme hunger. If only they are provided with food or a sustainable job as a source of income, then i’m sure that most of them will not even consider stealing as an option. A large percentage really just steal because of necessity. The 23 Billion lower interest rate is also impressive, because second to corruption, the greatest problem we probably have is national debt. Every year, instead of rising up from it, ‘lalo lang tayong nababaon’. We have been stuck in the quicksand of our debts, because each year just increases our debts exponentially. This 23 Billion pesos saved from the interest can go a long way in terms of helping our country address its more urgent needs. This, the president says, is due to the upgrade in ratings we received in the stocks exchange. This is impressive, like he says, since the other nation’s ratings are either going down or maintaining its level after the financial crisis. Another accomplishment is the planning of the new powerplant in the luzon grid, expected to materialize by 2014. This will have us have a cheaper source of energy in the country. Because of modernization and industrialization, every single one of us needs electricity as much as we need water and food, and therefore, having a cheaper source would uplift everyone in the country. This is also true with the monorail system that’s planned to be built in our country. With the continuously rising price of gas and transportation cost, a monorail system will not only help the Filipinos maximize their money, but also help the environment as well, due to less polution by cars. The 0-based budgeting is also one way of addressing the problem of corruption. As the president addressed those who are still planning to steal from the goverment, â€Å"huwag ka ng magtangka†. I think this SONA is more of a wake up call to those abusive officials, that it’s already time to stop. For the first time, i’m actually very hopeful for the future of this country under the presidency of Mr. Aquino. I think that he can really make a difference in decreasing, if not totally eliminating corruption in the system. We need someone like him, who is brave enough to confront the infected system. His strategy of addressing corruption in a personal way, as a personal battle against it, really gives light and hope, despite the severity of corruption in our country. Aside from the officials’ corruptions, another thing he addressed is tax evation. He was right in saying that now that corruption is already being fought, there is no reason not to pay the right taxes anymore. It has been a common excuse of many that it is just justifiable to evade task simply because the money will just go to the pockets of corrupt officials. But then i think that if the people can really see progress in the country, then less people will be tempted to evade tax. Right now, tax evation is very rampant and out in the open in our country. Imagine, professionals and self employed people only pay an average of 5,783 pesos per year. This is a really small figure compared to their expected salary, which is surely a lot greater than the 8,500php they claim. â€Å"naman† as our president had said. It’s all too much, too obvious, and i think that after this SONA, people would first think twice before doing something corrupt. Another noteable achievement of the president for the past year is the decline in the imported rice from 1. 3M metric tons to only 660 metric tons this year. This, he said, was due to the useage of a better type of rice grain and good irrigation system that has increased the rice productivity by 15. 6%. A long time ago, the philippines was the rice bowl in Asia, we were the one exporting rice and providing for our neighboring countries, what happened since that time? It’s not that we don’t have the capability and resources, as the past has proven, but it’s because of our system and our means. And by attacking that, we have proven to improve rice productivity, which is a major improvement considering rice is the staple food of the Filipino people. His strong will to fight for what is due the Filipinos was shown in how he address the issue of Spratlys. He was confident in saying that even if we do not want a fight, if we are provoked, then we have no choice but to fight back, because ‘hindi tayo paaapi’ according to him. It brings us hope knowing that we have an able leader who is willful enough to fight for the rights of our country, because if not, then how can we entrust the welfare of all the citizens in this country then? He even cited the story about Filipinos ingenuity about using painted coconuts against canon balls, giving credit to the capability of the Filipinos in fighting. But then compared to China, can we really win? I believe that moderation is necessary in addressing this issue because the world knows that compared with China, we are really nothing, we can never win a war with them if it comes to that, even if we purchase a new war ship or new helicopters. I agree with Mr. Barretto when he said that this issue should be addressed diplomatically and peacefully, and that we should not enrage china because it is surely a decision we will come to regret in the future, because China is a rising power and we need her for our economic progress. The president also has mentioned the decreased cases of car napping in the last 6 months from 1010 cases to 460+ cases this year. He said that he is just unfortunate that the headlines are all about the car napping incidents and not the statistics on how much it has declined compared with the past year. I actually was greatly affected by this because recently i’ve been hearing lots of stories about the car napping incidents, especially in Quezon City. And i’ve had thoughts that the Philippines is more and more becoming a dangerous place to live, what with the many crimes happening here and there. What i failed to realize was that maybe it is indeed improving, like how the president claims it has, that maybe the cases of corruption, human trafficking, and other issues have improved significantly. This i think is a good sign, although we aim for the total eradication of these crimes, we all know that this is not possible all at once. And i think that the first step is to first decrease it significantly, and that’s what we have now. Another pressing concern in our country is unemployment. Lots of Filipinos are either unemployed or underemployed, based on studies made. And i liked the stragegy being employed by the president about matching job availability with education. Although in the idealistic world, each one should study his or her interest and land a job that he or she would enjoy doing, this is not always achievable, because of financial concerns. Also, we all know that most work not for the job but for the salary it can provide. It’s a reverse process where the people just learn to appreciate their work afterwards. Because of this fact, it is a better strategy to match the demand of jobs to the direction of education. This will ensure the employment of the graduates, and will surely uplift poverty in our country. As the president has mentioned, unemployment rate was down to 7. 2% from 8% last year. This strategy is a good way of addressing job mismatch, and the issue of underemployment. Also, he mentioned about the 1. 3Million people that were provided with livelihood for the past year. As the president had said â€Å"walang tatangkilik sa Pilipino kung isang kahit isang tuka lamang sila†. And this is really true. How can we expect the Filipinos not to give in to brain drain, if it’s their survival that is at stake? How can we expect the Filipinos to think about the common good, and what’s best for the economy, if he and his family is not able to eat three times a day? The root cause of all these problems is poverty, and attacking poverty in our country will surely solve lots of problems. The synchronizing of the ARMM election to the national election is also one of the best achievements he has. This is i think one of the response to the Maguindanao Masacre during the time of President Aroyo. He was right in saying that this election being separate from the national election poses more opportunities for corruption, as was proven by history. As he had revealed, 80% fo reimbursements from ARMM was from cash advances that are not properly accounted for. It always happens that the people in power use their position just to remain in power and acquire wealth for himself. They do not anymore serve the people, but rather just use the resources as campaign again for the next election. And issues about vote buying, ‘dagdag bawas’, and other cheating in elections has been happening in ARMM for the past years, and nobody was addressing this problem, until now. Towards the end of his speech, he mentioned that people say that he’s taking corruption too personally, and he said it’s really true because fighting corruption is personal to him, and so is doing what’s right. And i admire him for that. He is probably the first president to ever directly address corruption, and the first one who is brave enough to actually expose the corrupt system of our goverment. As an examply he even cited the spendings of pagcor of 1 Billion pesos just for coffee. And it’s true how funny everything is. He said that even at 100php per cup, it would mean that they had consumed 10Million cups of coffee. This is a good example of how shameless the officials have been the past years, just because no one is brave enough to confront them and expose them. But then now, with the president’s strong campaign against corruption, surely, it will make these corrupt officials think twice. Completely eradicating corruption is not that easy, and i don’t expect it to be achieved in a year or even during the term of President Aquino, but then these efforts of the president will go a long way, because atleast, corruption will not be as much and as shameless as before. Appointing Conchita Morales, former associate chief justice, and instructing her to file charges against the corrupt officials is one step in eliminating the parasites in office who have been continuously stealing money from the people for the past years. As the president closed his speech, he said, ‘itigil na ang utak alimango’. And this is exactly what each of us should do. We should not just pull each other down, but rather help each other for the good of our country as a whole. We cannot expect just the leaders to do their part, we should do our part too. As head of our country, he can indeed do a lot in addressing corruption and other pressing issues, but then he can only do so much, all the officials can only do so much. What we need to do is unite as a nation, both the officials and the common citizens, towards the direction of economic advancement. We have all the resources we need, we have all the skills and the people, and now we have an able leader to lead us, the only thing we need now is the right attitude towards change. This SONA has indeed given me hope, that maybe, our country is not hopeless afterall, that maybe, just maybe, with this strong leader, we can do away with our crab mentality and fight corruption,and beginning there, move forward towards the right direction.

Today, Telecommunications Technology Affects Lives To A Greater Degree Essay Example For Students

Today, Telecommunications Technology Affects Lives To A Greater Degree Essay than ever before. Communication has evolved over many years from the earliest attempts at verbal communication to the use of sophisticated technology to enhance the ability to communicate effectively with others. Every time a telephone call is made, a television is watched, or a personal computer is used, benefits of telecommunication technologies are being received. The concept of telecommunications may be defined as the transmission of information from one location to another by electronic means. Telecommunications is using electronic systems to communicate. Life is changing constantly and has been changing faster since the rapid advancements in telecommunication. Because of continuing attempts to find better and more efficient ways to communicate, the process of communication has steadily improved. Many of these improvements were made without the use of electronic technology. Human beings earliest attempts at communication were through nonverbal means such as facial expressions and gesturing. The use of these nonverbal signs, prehistoric people were able to communicate emotions such as fear, anger, and happiness. More specific motions, such as pointing, allowed them to convey more information. We will write a custom essay on Today, Telecommunications Technology Affects Lives To A Greater Degree specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Verbal communication probably started with a series of disorganized but meaningful sounds (grunts and snarls). These sounds slowly developed into a system of organized, spoken language that truly allowed humans to share information (Croal 59). Writing, which is the use of symbols to represent language, began with early cave drawings, progressed to picture writings such as hieroglyphics, and finally evolved into the handwritten language we use today (Croal 61). As civilization developed, people found it necessary to communicate their ideas to one another over greater distances. The earliest method of transporting information was to carry it from place to place; but as the development of commerce made speed an essential part, greater effort was expended to increase the rate at which ideas were transmitted (Croal62). The search for rapid transport of information led to the formation of the pony express in 1860 (Cozic 77). Although the pony express required several weeks to carry mail from the East Coast to the West Coast, it was a vast improvement over the earlier methods. The pony express was not the only time humans teamed up with animals to attempt to improve communications. Dogs and pigeons were used to carry messages, especially during wartime . Most, if not all, of the early forms of communication had two significant problems. Both the speed at which information could be effectively communicated and the distance over which information could be sent were severely limited. With the advancements in forms of electronic communication, these problems were solved. It was even before the pony express that a true technological breakthrough was made. In 1844, the first electronic transmission occurred when Samuel Morse developed a system of dots and dashes to symbolize letters of the alphabet. A transmission device called the telegraph was used to send the coded signals over wires. The telegraph was to become the primary method of reliable and rapid communication during the American Civil War. It took quite a few years to link the major cities of America by telegraph wires, but by 1861 the pony express was replaced . Telegraphic communication became a major part of Americas business and military history. One of the early telegraph companies, Western Union, became the dominant carrier. Today, Western Union, through the use of modern technology, transmits information twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. Actual voice communication over distance finally became possible in 1876 when Alexander Graham Bell held the first telephone conversation with his assistant, Thomas Watson . This alternative to written communication rapidly helped the telephone become the worlds most important communication tool. By 1866 the first successful attempt to link Europe and America by undersea cable had been accomplished. This cable was capable of carrying telegraph data only . The telephone today remains a vital tool, and like the telegraph, the telephone is constantly being improved by mod ern technology. .u246557da445545f288e6a6b67fad5d57 , .u246557da445545f288e6a6b67fad5d57 .postImageUrl , .u246557da445545f288e6a6b67fad5d57 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u246557da445545f288e6a6b67fad5d57 , .u246557da445545f288e6a6b67fad5d57:hover , .u246557da445545f288e6a6b67fad5d57:visited , .u246557da445545f288e6a6b67fad5d57:active { border:0!important; } .u246557da445545f288e6a6b67fad5d57 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u246557da445545f288e6a6b67fad5d57 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u246557da445545f288e6a6b67fad5d57:active , .u246557da445545f288e6a6b67fad5d57:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u246557da445545f288e6a6b67fad5d57 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u246557da445545f288e6a6b67fad5d57 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u246557da445545f288e6a6b67fad5d57 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u246557da445545f288e6a6b67fad5d57 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u246557da445545f288e6a6b67fad5d57:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u246557da445545f288e6a6b67fad5d57 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u246557da445545f288e6a6b67fad5d57 .u246557da445545f288e6a6b67fad5d57-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u246557da445545f288e6a6b67fad5d57:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Revolutionary War EssayBy 1900, the goal of communication technologists was to find a method of transmitting messages over long distances without the need for wires. That dream became reality in 1901 when Gugliellmo Marconi and two assistants stood on a hill in Newfoundland and listened carefully to their receiver. Faintly they heard the Morse code dot-dot-dot, the letter s. the signal had traveled 1,700 miles from Cornwall, England, and it represented the first successful wireless transmission. This success led Marconi to form Marconi Wireless Telegraphy Company. It was not until the Titanic disaster in 1912, however, that wireless transmissions became commercially pr ofitable. As theTitanic was sinking, the ships radio operator transmitted distress signals over his wireless telegraph. A passing ship, the Carpathia, which sped to the Titanics location and rescued 700 of the 2,200 people aboard, picked up the signals. Shortly after this disaster, most maritime nations required wireless telegraphs on all large ships. The Marconi experiment eventually led to the development of the radio. On an evening in November, 1920, radio station KDKA in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, went on the air with the first live radio broadcast. By 1922, 564 radio stations were on the air. Today, thousands of radio stations broadcast our favorite music, news, weather, and sports information. As important as it was, the impact of the transmission of sounds by wire and by wireless methods seems minor, when the effect of television, the device that permits the transmission of both sounds and images. In 1926 J.L. Baird, working with the British Broadcasting Company (BBC), became the first person to transmit a television picture, and in 1936 the worlds first television service was introduced . By 1948, twenty television stations were on the air. The first color television service began in the United States in 1954 . Sociologist James K. Martin believes The impact of television is legendary and has totally changed the way American families live. Modern telecommunications rely on modern technology and one of the most important elements of that technology is the computer. Todays computer industry is moving with great momentum. Most schools are equipped to teach computer skills, and it is no longer rare for a student to come to first grade with a basic understanding of computers gained from the familys personal computer. In 1930 an American electrical scientist, Vannevar Bush, constructed the first analog computer . However, the person credited with developing the first digital computer is Howard Aiken of Harvard University, who completed his project in 1944 . Analog signals are a constant flow of information, whereas digital signals are a series of short bursts of information. Historian Mark Halls says, most historians point to ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer) as the real beginning of computer technology . Engineers at the University of Pennsylvania built this giant computer in 1946. ENIAC utilized vacuum tubes to control computer functions. The concept of storing programs in a computers memory is credited to John van Neumann, an American mathematician. It was in 1951 that the developers of ENIAC constructed Univac I, which became the first computer to be mass-produced. The traditional U.S. postal service is not oriented to meet needs for instant information access, so many mailboxes have become electronic. Electronic messages can be sent any hour of the day or night using a computer, a modem, and a telephone. These electronic messages may be read, filed, stored, erased, printed, and rerouted. A computer used in conjunction with the telephone line and a television set allows homeowners to view merchandise, compare prices, and do electronic shopping. No longer are bank customers dependent on bankers hours to withdraw money or to obtain account information. Many school libraries have a new reference resource, an electronic encyclopedia. Libraries connect to electronic encyclopedias with personal computers. Facts can be readon the screen or sent to the printer. Through the use of telecommunications, the opportunity to access vast amounts of information located in large commercial data bases are beyond belief. Within a matter of seconds, a computer can access information and can appear on its screen. Today, information services bring new learning opportunities and data into the home through telecommunications ). .ucb51828bf7b52d52dbf9b241d1ca8c9c , .ucb51828bf7b52d52dbf9b241d1ca8c9c .postImageUrl , .ucb51828bf7b52d52dbf9b241d1ca8c9c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucb51828bf7b52d52dbf9b241d1ca8c9c , .ucb51828bf7b52d52dbf9b241d1ca8c9c:hover , .ucb51828bf7b52d52dbf9b241d1ca8c9c:visited , .ucb51828bf7b52d52dbf9b241d1ca8c9c:active { border:0!important; } .ucb51828bf7b52d52dbf9b241d1ca8c9c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucb51828bf7b52d52dbf9b241d1ca8c9c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucb51828bf7b52d52dbf9b241d1ca8c9c:active , .ucb51828bf7b52d52dbf9b241d1ca8c9c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucb51828bf7b52d52dbf9b241d1ca8c9c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucb51828bf7b52d52dbf9b241d1ca8c9c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucb51828bf7b52d52dbf9b241d1ca8c9c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucb51828bf7b52d52dbf9b241d1ca8c9c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucb51828bf7b52d52dbf9b241d1ca8c9c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucb51828bf7b52d52dbf9b241d1ca8c9c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucb51828bf7b52d52dbf9b241d1ca8c9c .ucb51828bf7b52d52dbf9b241d1ca8c9c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucb51828bf7b52d52dbf9b241d1ca8c9c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Great Depression Effects EssayThe information age has already arrived, and telecommunication technology has played an important role in it. It has already had an impact on what have been considered traditional methods of transmitting information over distances. This new technology has also changed the methods by which information is manipulated and stored. Telecommunications is changing the way people work, play, live and think.

Abraham Maslow Essay Example

Abraham Maslow Essay Example Abraham Maslow Paper Abraham Maslow Paper After returning from a shopping trip with his mother, little Tommy reported, â€Å"I goed to the store and eated candy. † Why might a behaviorist such as B. F. Skinner have had some difficulty explaining Tommys incorrect grammatical construction? What sort of theory could explain the errors? What would that explanation be? B. F Skinner was an American Psychologist who invented the operant conditioning chamber. The chamber he set up had rats in it and a lever, once the rats pulled the lever they were given a piece of food. After this happened the rate of bar pressing would increase dramatically and remain high until the rat was no longer hungry. He was a firm believer of the idea that human free will was actually an illusion and any human action was the result of the consequences of that same action. If the consequences were bad, there was a high chance that the action would not be repeated; however if the consequences were good, the actions that lead to it would be reinforced. He called this the principle of reinforcement. B. F. Skinner’s operant conditioning theory would lead him to believe Tommys parents spoke the way Tommy did after leaving the store, and his parents had no consequences for Tommy speaking in such a way but instead of giving him positive reinforcement for the incorrect grammar. The fact That Tommy has a learning disability which causes him to absorb words used around him, instead of absorbing both the vocabulary and the grammatical rules. Tommy’s grammatical errors show that language is acquired through osmosis, and that there is more to it than just memorization. Skinner’s way of operant conditioning mainly focused on cause and effect; by doing something good you are rewarded and by doing something bad you are punished. Even though tommy’s parents don’t reward him it would seem to Skinner that his grammatical errors were positively reinforced making it difficult for Skinner to provide an explanation for Tommy’s grammatical errors. Myers, D. G (2013). Psychology: 10th Edition in Modules. Worth Publishers, Inc. 4. Abraham Maslow suggested that â€Å"a person who is lacking food, love, and self-esteem would most likely hunger for food more strongly than anything else.† Conversely, the novelist Dostoyevsky wrote, â€Å"without a firm idea of himself and the purpose of his life, man cannot live even if surrounded with bread. † What evidence from the field of psychology might support each statement? Abraham Maslow was an American psychologist who is best known for creating Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is represented by a pyramid with four different levels, the bottom of the hierarchy are the Basic needs or Physiological needs of a human being: food, water, sleep and sex. The next level is Safety Needs: Security, Order, and Stability. These two steps are important to the physical survival of the person. Once individuals have basic nutrition, shelter and safety, they attempt to accomplish more. The third level of need is Love and Belonging, which are psychological needs; when individuals have taken care of themselves physically, they are ready to share themselves with others, such as with family and friends. The fourth level is achieved when individuals feel comfortable with what they have accomplished. This is the Esteem level, the need to be competent and recognized, such as through status and level of success (Myers, 2013, p. 420 ). Maslow suggested that a person lacking food, love, and self-esteem would most likely hunger for food the most. Yet on the other hand the novelist Destoyeski viewed this issue in an entirely different matter. He wrote that without a firm idea of himself and the purpose of his life, man cannot live even if surrounded with bread. My opinion is that if a person does not know who they really are or what they are doing with their life then what is there to live for, therefore food wouldn’t matter without everything else to follow. Destoyeski quote, I believe that everyone has a place and a purpose in life, yet if a person doesn’t know where they stand or their purpose in life who are they And this is why I believe that knowing yourself, your standards, and goals is more important critically speaking because without those, all you would have in your life is food. I believe both Maslow and Destoyeski are right in their own ways, since Maslow just focuses on the basics showing a person will go for food before they go for self-esteem, and Destoyeski looks at the bigger picture and seeing that if you have nothing to live for then you would have no reason to care about food. Fyodor Dostoevsky Russian Author Biography. (n. d. ). The European Graduate School Media and Communication Graduate Postgraduate Studies Program. Retrieved April 28, 2013, from egs. edu/library/fyodor-dostoevsky/biography/ Myers, D. G (2013). Psychology: 10th Edition in Modules. Worth Publishers, Inc. 5. Andy, a high school sophomore, lacks self-discipline, fails to plan ahead, and is excessively anxious. He is quickly frustrated by challenging tasks and frequently becomes overly critical of others. Use the psychoanalytic, humanistic, and social-cognitive perspectives to give three contrasting explanations of Andys behavior. Since we do not know Andy’s past, he could have been bullied in school when he was younger or possibly beaten by his parents as a child, which could have created trauma causing him to act out. Because he is acting out, the idea is acting on its pleasure principle and allowing Andy to release his built up frustration and stress. The humanistic side of things is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs pyramid that breaks down a person’s basic needs for self-fulfillment. Andy Pushes towards finding where he belongs and he strives to build up his self-esteem. Rogers thought we could reach our full potential by receiving unconditional positive regard. This included caring for someone no matter what they are going through, openness, acceptance, and empathy. His parents probably did not give him unconditional positive regard contributing to how he feels now. The social cognitive side is close to the cognitive-behavioral viewpoint. Andy’s friends, family, and along with his environment influence, his actions and behavior which contributes to how he views himself is influenced by his surroundings. If Andy’s parents used a particular style of parenting such as permissive parenting style, it could have been a contributing factor causing Andy’s lack of self-esteem and self-discipline to include Andy failing to plan ahead. The common anxiousness Andy feels would be caused by the negative self-image he created of himself. Since Andy is so critical on himself it would also make him very judgmental of others as well or possibly even resorting to suicidal thoughts. Myers, D. G (2013). Psychology: 10th Edition in Modules. Worth Publishers, Inc. 6. Geraldo, a second-year college student, is so fearful of medical procedures that he has avoided routine dental checkups for over three years. He has recently decided to seek help in overcoming his fear. Compare and contrast (what are the similarities and differences) the methods that would be used by (a) a behavior therapist and (b) a psychoanalytic therapist Psychoanalytic and Behavioral are the two main types of psychotherapy which are techniques employed to improve psychological functioning and promote adjustment to life for every patient. The two types of therapies are generally to help gain a greater control over and improvement of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. The two therapies are grouped together as insight therapies. Although their goals are similar, their approach is very different from each other. The difference between behavior therapy and psychoanalytic therapy is that psychoanalytic therapy is used to bring the patient’s unconscious and underlying conflicts to consciousness. This process helps the patient to discover their reason for their abnormal behaviors or fears of certain situations or even fear of certain objects or places. Once the patient has the insight on their underlying conflicts or fears, the conflicts or fears can be resolved and the patient can change to a better behavior. There are five methods that are used in psychoanalytic therapy: free association, dream analysis, analyzing resistance, analyzing transference, and interpretation. Behavior therapy which is similar to psychoanalytic therapy but instead it uses learning principles to help prevent and eliminate maladaptive behaviors and create a more healthy way of thinking. Behavior therapy focuses on the problem behavior instead of the underlying cause. The methods used in this particular therapy are: classical conditioning techniques, including systematic desensitization and aversion therapy; operant conditioning techniques, including shaping, reinforcement, and observational learning techniques, to include modeling therapy. Psychoanalytic therapy and behavioral therapy both push to better a person’s thinking and outlook on life. Both types of therapy’s work in different ways to resolve the conflict. Psychoanalytic works by bringing the underlying conflict out and behavior therapy works on the conflict that is currently at  the surface not focusing on the underlying factors more or less teaching the patient ways to defeat the conflict should it come out. Myers, D. G (2013). Psychology: 10th Edition in Modules. Worth Publishers, Inc. McLeod, S. (n. d. ). Psychoanalysis. Simply Psychology Articles for Students. Retrieved April 28, 2013, from simplypsychology. org/psychoa Behavioral Therapy. (n. d. ). Spectrum Behavioral Health. Retrieved April 29, 2013, from spectrum-behavioral. com/WhitePapers/behavioralthera

Self-Carving Exploding Jack o Lantern Demonstration

Self-Carving Exploding Jack o' Lantern Demonstration The self-carving pumpkin uses a chemical reaction to cause an explosion inside a pumpkin, forcing out the pumpkin pieces of a jack-o-lantern face (with an accompanying bang and fire). You can perform this popular chemistry Halloween demonstration yourself: Self-Carving Exploding Pumpkin Materials 50 ml hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)20 ml water~7 pea-sized chips of calcium carbide (CaC2)Â  cat food or tuna canoven mitt (to avoid getting burned)piezoelectric sparker Make a Self-Carving Pumpkin Carve a medium pumpkin with a simple face. Triangles, circles, squares and ovals are good choices. Re-insert the face pieces, making sure they can move easily out of the pumpkin. If the pumpkin has thick flesh, you may wish to cut away the back of the pieces so they are lighter/weaker.Poke or drill a small hole in the back of the pumpkin so you can insert the wire sparker. Insert the sparker and test it to make sure it works.Pour the peroxide in the pumpkin. (an optional step in some descriptions)Put the water in the cat food or tuna can and set the can in the pumpkin.Drop the calcium carbide chips into the water and replace the lid of the pumpkin. Allow about a minute for the acetylene to build up.Be sure the face of the pumpkin is facing away from you and that your audience is a safe distance from the demonstration. You may wish to wear ear protection. Goggles and a lab coat are recommended. While holding down the lid of the pumpkin (with an oven-mitted hand), spark the sparker. How the Self-Carving Pumpkin Works In 1862 Friedrich WÃ ¶hler discovered calcium carbide and water would react to form flammable acetylene gas and calcium hydroxide: CaC2 2 H2O → C2H2 Ca(OH)2 This reaction is used in the commercial manufacture of acetylene and for carbide lamps, which are used by miners in some areas. Safety Precautions This demonstration is best performed by a chemistry teacher or other adult experienced with chemicals or pyrotechnics. It is not a suitable project for kids to try. Youll likely need to order calcium carbide through a chemistry or educational supply store or else buy it online. Remote ignition of the acetylene is safer than holding the pumpkin and striking a sparker, though youll want to secure the lid of the jack-o-lantern so that it wont simply blow off, leaving your pumpkin uncarved. If the pieces of the face are not loose, either the pumpkin will explode or else the explosion will be contained and the pumpkin will be uncarved. Safe Self-Carving Pumpkin This is also a safe version of this project which uses carbon dioxide gas to blow out the jack-o-lantern face. Although carbon dioxide can be compressed to where it explodes, using a plastic bag to contain the gas provides enough pressure to produce the desired effect without the risk of injury.

Rastafari Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Rastafari - Essay Example The leaders of Rastafari came up with doctrines of the religion, which include despising the whites, reading the Bible, growing dreadlocks, and smoking cannabis. The followers of the religion interpret the Bible in an afro-centric way; because they believe that the white people altered the meaning of the readings in the text. Bob Marley, a reggae singer, is one of the followers of the movement. Tim argues that Bob’s songs contain the doctrines of Rastafarians (Hall 6). Hall believes that the movement is a way of life because it lacks organization like other religions. The author is an evangelist in Australia, and he researches about religious movements in the world. The article is relevant to my research because it explains the origin of the movement and its principles. The author states the founders of the movement, and he also gives an example of Bob Marley as a Rastafarian. The author has failed to give an example of principle that Marley spreads through his reggae songs (H all 8). The author also fails to give details of how Haile Selassie 1 and Garvey succeeded in creating the movement, even after claiming that they died as a result of their struggle to save Africans from slavery. This means that the article is not wholly reliable. Murrell, Nathaniel. â€Å"Jamaica: The Rastafarian movement.† Global exchange, n.d 2011. Web. 18 Oct 2013. (http://www.globalexchange.org/country/jamaica/rasta) The article states the meanings of symbols of the Rastafari movement, and he explains how the doctrines of the association have spread to the whole world. Nathaniel argues that the word Ras means Christ; while Rastafari refers to Haile Selassie, the founder of the movement (Murrell 4). Rastafarians claim that Haile Selassie is their Christ who died physically, but lives in their souls. The believers argue that Christ shall come back to save them from the world, and he shall take them to Ethiopia. The followers argue that Ethiopia is the land that Christ prom ised them, and they refer to it as Mount Zion. The author argues that the movement has spread from Jamaica to the United States in cities such as New York, and the Great Britain (Murrell 8). Nathaniel, however, believes that the movement is more of a culture or political association rather than a religion. This argument is similar to that of Tim Hall, and it indicates that numerous researches have been conducted to determine the classification of Rastafarian movement. Nathaniel is an associate professor in the University of Carolina. The professor teaches philosophy and religion, and he has written several books in these topics. Murrell’s research specializes in the Caribbean and world religions. The article will help the research to explaining the real meaning of terms used by the Rastafarians. The author has analyzed how the movement spread to countries such as America and Britain, and he also explains the origin of the Rastafarian doctrines. The author has failed to descri be the spread of the movement in details, but his work is reliable because his arguments are similar to those of Tim Hall, and they are more detailed. Barnett, Michael. "The Many Faces of Rasta: Doctrinal Diversity within the Rastafari Movement." Caribbean Quarterly 51.2 (2005): 67-112.print. The article summarizes details of members of the Rastafari

Poetry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Poetry - Essay Example The poem â€Å"God’s Will for You and Me† by an unknown author seems to be written for the gentle of spirit, almost childlike in its’ innocence. The dominant theme running throughout is one of goodness. In an effort to impress upon the reader the importance of being a good person in order to carry out God’s will, the author hopes to set an example of ways to be to do so. The ending few lines impart to us a way to be faithful to his will itself. The mood is both cheerful and hopeful, as the reader may be inspired to act in such a way as to find favor with the Lord. Love he states should be the daily motivating influence. The Title â€Å"God’s Will for You and Me† is itself the message throughout the poem and is significant because of what it represents. It is quite a feat to live by God’s Will and the poem is daring in its’ desire to impress upon us the necessity of doing so. The motif throughout is further amplified by the sweetness of what is being said and by the many literary devices the author uses. The definitive stance the author has adopted is a way of being good in order to carry out God’s will. The mental and emotional disposition of goodness lends itself to an atmosphere with the same feeling. We feel gentle and sweet when reading it because of the sentiment so ably illustrated with the choice of words. The tone achieved is instrumental in evoking an appropriate inspirational feeling from the reader. We are compelled to act accordingly after imbuing the essence of the innocent sentiments expressed. The poem seems to be written almost as a stream of consciousness with an uninterrupted flow of thoughts and ideas. Here we see the author’s thinking process as a unified idea carried out. Flowing from one thought to the next, we see illustrated a number of ways we can model ourselves and our actions to carry out god’s will. Being â€Å"gentle and kind†, â€Å"merciful and mild† and â€Å"just to be cheery when things go wrong† are all things we can aspire to. The poem reads as a narrative of the author’s thoughts instead of a dialogue with the reader. A feeling of verisimilitude is created as we listen to the lofty ideals expressed in the poem. The lines are stated so matter of factly as to be true. They are structured as sentiments but sound almost like commands. With the influence of God written into the piece we can trust that this is the way to be. It seems to be an allegory for a grander concept. Simply stated, each line and sentiment sp eaks to us of being good. Gentle, kind, merciful, all speak to us about the teachings of the church. As we read the examples of good behavior we can sense the higher aspirations we can ascribe to. In hoping to carry out God’s will we can all benefit ourselves by living our lives in such a way. It is further stated that this is the way God wants us to be and we the devout can take comfort in this, hoping to be pleasing to the Lord. Rhyme and Rhyme Scheme â€Å"God’s Will for You and Me† is written in such an innocent way and almost seems to be addressed to a child. With the use of alliteration it has the quality of a nursery rhyme in both the internal rhyme and the rhyme scheme. It is actually a sonnet. Sonnets are often sweet

The Atomic Bomb and its Destructive Power Essay Example for Free

The Atomic Bomb and its Destructive Power Essay An Atomic Bomb is a very powerful explosive device that entails fission of enriched Uranium or Plutonium nuclei in a chain reaction. The power of the explosion is measured in terms of the number of tons of TNT that would have to be exploded to release the same amount of energy. This fission reaction cannot be sustained unless a specific amount of plutonium or uranium, known as the critical mass, is present. When this specific amount is present, then the number of neutrons being produced by the fission of the nuclei will exceed the number of neutrons that leave the surface of the material. This results in a chain reaction, which ultimately leads to an explosion (Atomic Bomb). The nuclear device or Atomic Bomb consists of several less than critical mass parts that are separated by lead walls. Moreover, all these portions of nuclear fuel together exceed the required critical mass. At the time of detonation, either a chemical or mechanical device is set off that causes the various sub critical mass portions of Uranium or Plutonium to combine. Subsequently, the emitted neutron density is sufficient to set off a nuclear fission reaction releases more neutrons, this process continues until the fissile material is exhausted or is dispersed (Atomic Bomb). Such a nuclear fission reaction gives rise to an enormous amount of energy, which is mainly in the form of extreme heat. In addition, this explosion generates a huge shock wave, flash burns, high winds and radiation consisting of neutrons and gamma rays or very short wavelength light. This radiation is fatal to living matter and makes the soil and water unusable (Atomic Bomb). The neutrons and gamma rays released during an atomic bomb explosion cause extreme harm to living tissue and constitute a prime cause for cancer. The surrounding area of a nuclear explosion becomes unusable due to contamination with radioactive fission products. A portion of these radioactive products reach the upper atmosphere either as dust or a gas and thereafter reach the site of explosion as radioactive fallout, which continues to decay over a period of time (Atomic Bomb). Amongst nuclear weapons, the Atomic bombs have the dubious distinction of being the first to be developed, tested and deployed. Towards the end of the 1930’s physicists belonging to Europe and the USA became convinced that it would be possible to create a truly powerful explosive device that was based on the fission of uranium. In August 1939 Albert Einstein wrote to the US President Franklin D. Roosevelt a letter that gave particulars of this process and the danger that could be posed to the Allies if such an explosive device were to be created by the Axis Powers. The President took cognizance of this warning and initiated the Manhattan Project in 1942, in order to invent such an explosive device. The Manhattan Project team led by U. S. Army Brigadier General Leslie R. Groves was ably guided by J. Robert Oppenheimer in this endeavour. This team was successful in creating the first Atomic Bomb (Atomic Bomb). The first test atomic explosion was performed at Alamogordo, New Mexico, on the 16th of July, 1945. The energy released by this explosion was the same as would be released if 20,000 tons of TNT were to be exploded. On the 6th of August, 1945 the USA used the atomic bomb for the first time in history. This bombing, which took place almost at the end of World War II, was made on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. This bomb attack was repeated on the Japanese city of Nagasaki on the 9th of August, 1945 (Glasstone). The casualties reported due to these nuclear explosions were enormous and the USA stated that around sixty to seventy thousand people had been killed in Hiroshima by the atomic bomb, which had earned the sobriquet of Little Boy. The same US sources placed the number of dead at forty thousand in Nagasaki, due to the explosion caused by the atomic bomb that had been dropped there, which had been nicknamed as the Fat Man. These two bombs effectively brought about the surrender of Japan to the Allies on the 14th of August 1945. These were the only occasions on which nuclear weapons had been used in warfare (Eubank. P87). The Hiroshima bomb was prepared using refined uranium – 235. The bomb was made by diffusion enrichment techniques, which utilized the minute differences in the mass of the two main isotopes of Uranium, namely U – 235 and U – 238. The difference of mass is similar to what UF6 has with only one percent between the molecules. Thus it became much simpler to concentrate the less common isotope. The atomic bomb that destroyed nearly ninety percent of the city of Hiroshima on the 6th of August 1945 was prepared using approximately sixty kilograms of highly enriched uranium (Atomic Bomb). Three days later the second bomb was exploded over Nagasaki. This bomb contained approximately eight kilograms of plutonium – 239. Special types of nuclear reactors were utilized in the preparation of this bomb. The first human designed atomic reactor was constructed on the premises of the University of Chicago in the year 1942 during the last phase of the Second World War. In order to slow down the emergence of neutrons in fission, highly purified graphite was used in the reactor as a moderator of neutrons and to control the nuclear fission reaction. Subsequently more reactors were constructed based on the design of the Chicago reactor. They engaged simple chemical techniques to isolate plutonium – 239. There were no complexities involved in the separation of the isotopes. The first test explosion had taken place at Alamogordo in New Mexico on the16th of July 1945 using a plutonium explosive device (Glasstone). Initially the creation of the atomic bomb proceeded at a slow pace. However, the results of different research groups clearly indicated that its destructive power could be awesome and this led to a considerable hastening of the development process. Subsequently, the US Government became convinced of the fact that this world war was based on technology to a very great extent. Accordingly, it accepted the fact that there should be consensus between science, technology and the US Government (Eubank. P. 8). The destructive effects of both uranium and plutonium fuel nuclear fission bombs relied upon the energy released during the explosion caused by nuclear fission, which resulted in instantaneous fires, destructive blast pressures and maximum radiation exposures. The quantity of deposits of fission particles on the ground was very limited because these bombs had been exploded at a height of around six hundred metres above the ground. However, some traces of deposit of these particles were found in the surrounding areas of the cities in which these explosions took place and this was attributed to the rainfall that had occurred immediately after these explosions. Areas at a few kilometres distance to the east of Nagasaki and in west and north – west of Hiroshima had recorded these radioactive traces. Most of the radioactive fission particles got carried away by the heat emanated from the explosions into the outermost atmosphere (Atomic Bomb or A Bomb). The death toll was estimated at 45,000 of the civilian population out of a total of 250,000 in Hiroshima on the day the bomb went off and 19,000 resident civilians succumbed in the succeeding four months. The population of Nagasaki was 174,000 and out of these 22,000 died on the day of the explosion and another 17,000 died during the succeeding four months (Smith). A large number of malformations or deformations of fetuses was recorded among the civilians who had been exposed directly to the radioactivity. This resulted in deformities in children who were born subsequent to the explosion. Apart from these untoward incidents, no significant gene damages were found to have occurred in the children of the survivors (Smith). Gamma radiations and neutrons had emerged during and immediately after the fission. These were the major components of the radiation in those cities. There were other sources of exposure derived from the black rain which precipitated in some areas. The rain water contained radioactive materials that had emanated from within the rising cloud of fission products. However, there was little exposure to these depositions. Traces of radionuclide cesium – 137, which was a by – product of the fission were detected for a long period after the explosion in areas of Nishiyama district (Smith). Other category of nuclear bombs, fusion bombs, such as hydrogen or thermonuclear bombs have been developed and tested in the 1950s. However, these weapons have never been detonated in warfare. The modus operandi of a thermonuclear bomb is that a fission reaction takes place first to produce very high temperature. Hydrogen isotopes of deuterium and tritium combine because of the extreme heat and in the process give out a very large amount of thermonuclear energy. The primary source of energy depends on the fusion reaction. This process is similar to the process that gives the Sun its energy (Atomic Bomb). Nations that had developed atomic bombs test them in order to determine their efficiency and to study the effects caused by such explosions. These tests are usually conducted by exploding them in the atmosphere, under the earth and under the sea. The countries that have admitted to the possession of a nuclear warhead are the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, France, China, India and Pakistan. South Africa proclaimed that it had developed a number of such bombs and that later on it had dismantled them. Since the war came to an end due to the Atomic Bomb, a new era has begun, which makes a logical analysis of the basic concepts in respect of human life, technical innovations and society. In the social context, the deep sorrow caused by the destruction of the atomic bomb was immense. Its impact extended into the hearts of the nations of the world crossing the borders of Japan. In addition to the immense grief caused, the use of the atomic bomb made some of the people of the United States a target for criticism from the people of the world for having caused such a large number of deaths. Although the Americans wanted to depict the atomic bomb attacks on Japan, during the war, as a symbol of their hatred towards the Japanese who had attacked Pearl Harbor, these bombings were criticized as being unjust to the people of Japan. Any country with the required amount of technology could have used the atom bomb. However the United States had the benefit of possessing not only the money but also the technology to take up such a project. However, the fact remains that the atomic bomb, saved a million lives though it killed tens of thousands of people. The rules of war were changed forever by the atomic bomb. It not only exterminated the enemy but also ruined humanity itself. The inventors of this weapon had hoped that their invention would result in the end of war. This new weapon was so terrible that its architects were terrified of the idea that it could again be put to use. Works Cited Atomic Bomb. Microsoft Encarta Premium . Redmond, WA, 2006. Atomic Bomb. Britannica Concise Encyclopaedia. 2003. Atomic Bomb or A Bomb. The Columbia Encyclopaedia . 2004. Eubank, Keith. â€Å"The Bomb. † Kreiger Pub Co. Glasstone, Samuel. Nuclear Weapons. Microsoft Encarta 2006 [DVD]. Redmond, WA, 2005. Smith, Mikki. Hiroshima was no longer a city. International Socialist Review, Issue 13. August September 2000.

Societal Structure of the Ottoman Empire :: World History

Societal Structure of the Ottoman Empire By the 16th century, the vast and mighty empire of the Ottomans had reached the zenith of its power. The lands under Ottoman rule stretched from the heart of Central Europe to the deserts of Arabia. In nearly every respect, the Ottoman Empire was strong and well-organized. As such, it comes as no surprise that the people under Ottoman rule were organized in a neat power structure as well. From the royal Sultan to the villagers in the rayyah class, the people of the Empire each had a unique position in Ottoman society. At the very top of the pyramidal societal structure was the Sultan, absolute commander of all, and executor of decisions concerning politics and state wealth (for the purposes of serving the state's interests). A step below the Sultan were a small group of wealthy, esteemed leaders, who were ascribed special status because they were essentially the Sultan's "slaves". The main duties of this select little group were to protect and enlarge the financial assets of the state for the benefit of the Sultan and the Empire. These leaders also ruled and defended the far-flung Ottoman Empire. While the Sultan invested wealth and the leaders protected it, the majority of commoners, the rayyahs, had the task of actually producing the wealth. The rayyahs had to pay part of their profits from industry, commerce, and farming to the state in the form of taxes. Townsfolk, villagers, and pastoral peoples made up the eclectic mix of the rayyah class. The word "rayyah" literally translates into "the protected flock of the Sultan". While Ottoman society was clearly divided into distinct social classes, these classes were neither closed nor confining, meaning that with the proper attributes and luck, a man could raise his social status. For example, to be a member of the small ruling class below the Sultan, one had to possess the following three qualities: - deep-rooted patriotism and loyalty for the Empire and the Sultan. - acceptance and practice of Islam, which was integrated into the Ottoman lifestyle. - knowledge and practice of the Ottoman Way, which consisted of complex customs, behavior, and language. If a rayyah possessed these qualities, he had a chance of becoming one of the numbered leaders. On the other hand, if a leader appeared to be lacking one or more of these qualities, he could just as easily be removed from his position and sink to being a rayyah again. The shaping force behind the Ottoman Empire was most definitely the religion of Islam. As a result, religion became a foremost guiding factor in people's lives.

Review of Related Literature Essay

When you scroll down your playlist, do you encounter the word â€Å"Genre† on the list? Do you what does Genre mean? According to Dictionary.com (2005) it is a class or category of artistic endeavor having a particular form, content technique, or like: the genre of epic poetry; the genre of symphonic music. Genre has different categories; these include Blues, Classical, Country, Electronic, Folk, Jazz, New Age, Reggae and Rock. Gravell, D. (2011). We, Filipinos also have our own category. Do you what it is? Guessed it right, it’s OPM (Original Pilipino Music). OPM is anything that’s performed by a Filipino artist.There are also new genres that made their way on the year 2012. On the list are Drill, Trap, Hipster House, Ratchet, Queer Rap, Tumblr-wave and Sea punk. Wagner, D (2012) Yes, they have weird names. Artists tend to experiment and invent new genres so expect every year with sprouting genres of great differences. Who couldn’t make music without singers behind it? With their names, who wouldn’t know these male artists like Tinie Tempah, Taio Cruz, Wiz Khalifa, Pitbull, Akon, Justin Bieber, Eminem, Bruno Mars Enrique Inglesias and Usher? Ayaz, M. (2012) How about songstresses like Ke$ha, Jennifer Lopez, Beyonce, Adele, Britney Spears, Rihanna, Taylor Swift, Katy Perry, Shakira and Lady Gaga are they familiar? Ayaz, M. (2012) These noise makers paved their way to music industry and are now chart toppers including fresh names like One Direction, Cher Lloyd, David Choi, Jireh Lim and many more. I bet you can name songs made by mentioned artists. Since we are talking about music, what can music do to its listeners, majorly teenagers? It can only end up into 2 results, the good and the bad result. Looking on the bright side, it can connect two people of the same undertakings. An example of it is Eminem, a rapper. He usually tells his personal troubles by rapping it. People who listen to it and are stuck at the same situation can relate and the song itself can give hope to the listeners. On the other hand, it also has its negativities. For instances, rapper, Wiz Khalifa shares a song that depicts drugs and intercourse, without being aware that there are listeners with age groups below 13 it can influence them. It can give off the urge to use drugs and enlarge egos which is a bad thing. Whatever the message of the song, good or bad, it ends up to the listeners mind and affect them. Mariam, S. (2012) Besides Psychological effects, music has its health benefits. One of its benefits is pain management. Music is a perfect way to divert your attention to pain. Another one is that it can reduce stress. Listening to calm and soothing music can be a simple way to relieve stress. It can also boost ones immune system. Research shows that if one listens to opera music it can regulate peripheral immune system. If one listens jumpy and active music, it can be ones encouragement to do exercise. An example of this is when one listens to music and jives with the beat, exercise is already done. You think singing lullabies at night is childish, well think again. Music can promote sleep and sedatives especially that light and slow music. Getting sick of the same beat you hear all over again? Well, people have their ways to discover new music. According to Nielsen (2012) Radio is still the dominant way people discover music (48%)- followed by tips from our friends and relatives (10%), and YouTube (7%), but more teens listen to music through YouTube than any other source (64%) – followed by radio (56%) and iTunes (53%) and CDs (50%) – Due to the advancing technology, the use of internet, specifically the website YouTube, have been the big players when it comes to music sharing. Although a lot of complains from artists about YouTube being a fuel for piracy, it still continues its way as a website.

How Macbeth Lost His Morals Essay

Macbeth is a very controversial character in many ways. Many believe he was an evil man from the beginning. While some believe he became evil over the course of the play. Macbeth’s morals gradually deteriorated throughout the play. Macbeth’s soliloquy’s, conversations, and his actions show how he lost his morals bit by bit in after each murder. In act I, Macbeth was confronted with the thought of killing King Duncan and stealing the throne. His soliloquy (I.7.1-28)is his response to the possible actions he is about to take part in. He basically said he felt bad because as his kinsman and his host he should protect him, not kill him. Also the fact that he was such a good king made him hesitate at the thought of killing him. In his discussion with Lady Macbeth after his soliloquy, Macbeth states, â€Å"We will proceed no further in this business. / He hath honored me of late†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (I.7.31-32) Macbeth was talking about how King Duncan has honored him recently and how he cannot go through with killing him. Then at the end of act I, Lady Macbeth convinces him to go through with the murder. Then after the murder of King Duncan, Macbeth flips out and begins to rant and rave. He said after the murder talking with lady Macbeth, â€Å"To know my deed, ’twere best not know myself.†(II.2.73) This showed his extreme guilt and regret of the crime he just committed. Then, in act III, Macbeth’s soliloquy (III.1.47-72) he stated his fears and hatred of Banquo because he was so good. He then called for two murderers to kill Banquo and his son, Fleance. Macbeth needed no motivation for this action other than fear, and he had no hesitation in this decision as with the murder of King Duncan. But after Macbeth knows Banquo is dead, he saw his ghost at his dinner party, taunting him (III.4.40-105). This was a form of his conscience making him feel guilty for what he did. Though his reaction to Banquo’s murder is equally as volatile as King Duncan’s, the build up preceding the murder shows a stark contrast. Before the murder of King Duncan, Macbeth had resisted the thought much longer than with the murder of Banquo, which he had no major moral dilemma’s before hand. It seemed as though it was becoming easier and easier for Macbeth to kill without remorse. Finally, in act IV Macbeth makes a statement that showed his moral deterioration very well. After talking with Lennox about how Macduff had fled to England, Macbeth said in his soliloquy, â€Å"†¦From this moment/ The very firstlings of my heart shall be/ The firstlings of my hand.†(IV.2.146-148) Macbeth said that now the first thing that came to mind would be the first thing he did. The next thing he said was, â€Å"The castle of Macduff I will surprise,/ Seize upon Fife, five to the edge o’ the sword/ His wife, his babes, and all unfortunate souls†¦Ã¢â‚¬ .(IV.2.150-152) The first thing that came to his mind was to kill Macduff’s family. He had no second thoughts like the first two murders, no last minute guilt trips either, just cold blooded killing. When Macbeth meets Macduff in the battle field he said, â€Å"Of all men else I have avoided thee./ But get thee back, my soul is too much charged/ with blood of thine already.(V.8.4-6) That was a litt le sign of remorse by saying that he has too much of Macduff’s family’s death on his soul, that he doesn’t want another. Macbeth’s moral deterioration throughout the play is very evident if one looks at the moments preceding and following the murders. In the first quell, there was a long build up and many moral objections by Macbeth. Also after the murder, Macbeth was extremely disturbed by what he had just done. Then, before the second killing, there was less of a build up and no moral objections by Macbeth. After the murder of Banquo, Macbeth still felt some guilt, which manifested itself in the hallucination of the ghost. Finally, prior to the third murder, there was no moral dilemma about about killing Macduff’s family. Following the murder, he showed almost no remorse, except for the comment made to Macduff. Macbeth was a good man in the beginning of the play, but his morals deteriorated more with each murder he committed.

Absolute Values In Radicals Essays - Mathematics, Algebra

Absolute Values In Radicals Essays - Mathematics, Algebra Absolute Values In Radicals Absolute Values in Radicals Absolute values in radicals is a very easy concept, once it is mastered. Basically an absolute value is the positive square root of the sum of the squares of the real and imaginary parts of a complex number. An absolute value sign is two straight lines that are place around the exponent to show that the value of the exponent is a positive number. Absolute value signs are needed when there is an even exponent inside a radical and when the square is taken the exponent becomes odd. Then, the odd exponent is placed outside the radical and absolute values signs are placed around it. Absolute value signs are needed because the exponent could be a positive or a negative number. X could be negative number and if it were raised to an even power, it would become positive. But if someone would need to find the square root, the absolute value signs would be needed to show that could be a nonnegative value.

Nova Scotias Name Reveals This Provinces History

Nova Scotia's Name Reveals This Province's History The province of Nova Scotia  is one of the ten provinces and three territories that make up Canada. Located on the far southeastern coast of the country, it is one of only three Canadian maritime provinces. How Did Nova Scotia Get Its Name? Currently nicknamed Canada’s Festival Province, the name Nova Scotia originates from Latin. Literally, it means New Scotland. Early Scottish Settlers Nova Scotia was founded in 1621 by  Sir William Alexander of Menstrier. He appealed to  King James of Scotland that a New Scotland was needed to expand national interests alongside New England, New France, and New Spain. Nova Scotia became an ideal territory for early Scottish settlers. Nearly a century later, after the United Kingdom gained control over the area, there was a massive Scottish immigration wave. Adventurous  Highlanders came from all over Scotland to settle throughout Nova Scotia. By the  mid-1700s, British military officer, general, and acting governor of Nova Scotia, Charles Lawrence, invited American New England residents to relocate to Nova Scotia. This was largely due to the expulsion of the  Acadians  that left large land vacancies and created yet another Scottish population surge. The new settlers were comprised of Scots that had previously fled to New England to gain religious freedom. These descendants formed a major part of the life and development of Nova Scotia and continued to stay in the province through successive generations. Modern Nova Scotia The Scottish became the third largest ethnic group in Canada, and their heritage is celebrated throughout Nova Scotia. Community events such as  Tartan days, clan gatherings, and showings of Highlander-based films like Braveheart, Trainspotting,  and  Highlander  reaffirm ancient Scottish pride. The kinship between Scotland and Canada is incredibly strong, and Scottish cultural influence is evident throughout the province. Visitors to Nova Scotia looking for an authentic cultural experience are invited to wear a kilt, enjoy the skirl of the bagpipes from a marching band, and see the  cabar  being tossed at one of the provinces many Highland Games events. Its also easy to find traditional Scottish dishes like haggis, porridge, kippers, black pudding, shortbread, cranachan, and clootie dumplings  with a Canadian twist at local restaurants. Sources: MacKay, Janet. Founding of New Scotland (Nova Scotia). Fifty Plus, November 1993. Wilson, Norry. Scotland and Canada. Scotland.org, February 6, 2019. Unknown. The Gaelic Culture of Nova Scotia is as Celtic as You Will Get! NovaScotia.com, 2017.

Comparing three articles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Comparing three articles - Essay Example nvest millions of shillings in adverts just to reach the largest target audience with product information, and consequently, persuade or influence them to buy the product. Non-profit organizations also advertize their messages to raise awareness on various matters that affect communities. Successful ads create desire and interest in the target audience and persuade them to purchase the product in question. Furthermore, these ads provide additional information about the product or service that the consumer may not have been aware of. With the current stiff competition among businesses, use of efficient and proven techniques give firms an edge over their competitors. Though consumers are exposed to millions of adverts, each of these is unique as they each try to use techniques that draw maximum attention of the consumers to the product. Advertisers strive to make ads memorable, convincing, and exciting using visual effects and relevant language for a particular audience. They achieve t his with simple, persuasive, and clear language. Language is powerful and significant tool for human beings to communicate effectively with others. Therefore, the use of relevant and appropriate language in marketing and advertising brings success in the communication process. All firms select appropriate advertisement language to persuade their audience and make their ads successful. Additionally, words of various languages have their denotations. However, these words also have different connotations meaning their emotional associations. Advertisers have taken full advantage of these connotations to efficiently construct persuasive messages that evoke consumers’ emotions. Baumgartner in the article, It’s All in the Detail states that dealers usually feel they have done their job when customers emotionally feel something after viewing their ads. In clarification, O’Neill in The Language of Advertising explains that most clients experience emotional connections to the ads after

Services Marketing - Internal marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Services Marketing - Internal marketing - Essay Example It has definite advantages over the traditional way of transacting business (Amit & Zott, 2000). It eliminates paper and paper work through market automation, online transactions and payments. The governments too use the e-platform to offers service to the public Another commonly used definition of service is proposed by Kotler (1991). "Any act or performance that one party can offer to another that is essentially intangible and does not result in the ownership of anything. Provision of services and information through the internet is the primary objective of the government in most developed countries (Buckley, 2003). The private sector is much ahead in offering web based services and the motivation and outcome in web based public and private sectors provision of services differ. In the public sector the motivation and the objectives in offering e-services are numerous which makes it difficult to measure the service quality. The motivation and objectives in the private sector centre on profits and hence easily measurable. Two web based service offerings - one each from the public and private sector would be assessed in line with current service marketing models. The report first of all examines the public and private services characteristics inline with service characteristics model. The government and the public sector hav... The motivation and objectives in the private sector centre on profits and hence easily measurable. Two web based service offerings - one each from the public and private sector would be assessed in line with current service marketing models. The report first of all examines the public and private services characteristics inline with service characteristics model. The government and the public sector have committed themselves to service quality and customer orientation (Buckley, 2003). The service quality in the health care sector too has received importance. In public health services the tension between orientations towards care provision and customer satisfaction is believed to be insurmountable. The internet has provided the opportunity to overcome the difficulties in service delivery. In order to augment its service, the UK National Health Service (NHS) started offering 24-hour help and advice service conducted by nurses. This was initially offered over the telephone through NHS Direct. With the advent of technology they soon introduced NHS Direct Online in 1999 Although service industries are themselves quite heterogeneous, there are some service characteristics upon which it is useful to generalize. The characteristics discussed in this right up are: Intangibility Inseparability Heterogeneity Perishability 1.1Intangibility Service are not tangible, as stated by Berry: " A good is an object, a device, a thing; a service is a deed, a performance, an effort" (Berry, 1984). When a service is purchased, there is generally nothing tangible to show for it. This is evidence in both private and public services hooked over the web. As argued by Berry, "Services are consumed but not possessed"

3 levels of analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

3 levels of analysis - Essay Example Some homicide forms do not constitute acts that are criminal but murder is criminal homicide (Simon 2009). The circumstances that surround a killing are the determinants if it was criminal or not. In earlier days, homicide was divided into two categories; non-felonious and felonious. The latter was premeditated and deliberate killing and was therefore termed as murder. The former included excusable homicide, which was not classified as a crime, and justifiable homicide, which was a crime, but the offender was pardoned. The classification has since changed with the modern statutes. There are two categories namely manslaughter and murder. Murder is further classified into first degree that involves a killing intention that is premeditated and second degree whose intention to kill is not premeditated (Malmquist 2006). The most important elements in first-degree murder are intent and premeditation. Intentional crimes are committed purposely and knowingly. Crimes that are intentional are organized in advance. In the mentioned elements’ perspective, such homicide is neither an accident nor a moment’s incidence. Another form of first-degree murder is felony murder, since it applies in circumstances where a person dies as a felony is perpetrated. This is so even though the death was entirely unplanned or accidental. The difference between the first and second-degree is that, even though the guilty person kills intentionally, there is no prior plan and the crime is not given forethoughts, because acting is often on impulse (Simon 2009). Manslaughter involves unintentional killing, which results from criminal negligence of a person, or human life disregard that is reckless. Manslaughter is classified as voluntary and involuntary. The former is used in the designation of acts secondary to provocation or passion crimes. The killing is intended as much as there was adequate provocation encountered by the

Healthcare Affordability in the US

Healthcare Affordability in the US Advanced Nurse Practitioner Scope of Practice Issues Marina Bukhrashvili New York State needed an additional 1,200 physicians to address the shortage by 2012, according to a 2012 Haney’s survey by the Healthcare Association of New York State (Verdon, Ritchie, Marbury Mazzolini, 2014). The scope of Certified Nurse Practitioner (CNP) practice is currently debated in some states. In New York State, the Nurse Practitioners Modernization Act will allow those nurses who have more than 3,600 hours of experience to treat patients without the supervising physician’s signed practice agreement (Farmer, 2014).This act will become law on January 1, 2015. This act may fill that void; however, various New York physician advocate groups continue to argue that patient safety will be compromised because of the gap in training of CNPs (Verdon et al., 2014). The United States (U.S.) health care system faces many challenges due to demographical, economic and political shifts. There are existing gaps in quality and accessibility of care and patient safety. U.S. population is aging rapidly and it is estimated that about 18 percent of the U.S. population will be 65 years old or older by 2025 (U.S. Census Bureau, 2012). With growing number of Medicare beneficiaries, there will be more demand for primary care providers. It is estimated that by 2020, the U.S. nation will require 40 percent more primary care providers (Hauer et al., 2008). U.S people 65 and older will have more than one chronic disease and physicians’ shortages will not meet the demands that are expected (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). The National Governors Association (NGA) reviewed of the literature and summarized that CNPs can reduce disparities in access to care, promote cost effectiveness through policy advancement, patient advocacy and the development of innovative models of care to improve patient care (NGA, 2013). The push for giving CNPs more autonomy continues with the shortage of primary care physicians on the rise. The American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) is not supporting the idea of allowing CNPs the full scope of practice without working under the physician’s supervision. One of the reasons cited is that family physicians have extensive training and education, which would ensure patients’ safety and provide the best quality of care (American Academy of Family Physicians, 2012). The scope of CNPs’ practice is currently debated in some states. Researchers studied care provided by both nurse practitioners and physicians and showed that while quality of care was similar for both providers, patients’ results were same or better for NPs as compared to physicians (Bauer, J. 2010). In addition, it was found that nurse practitioners provide care at a lower cost as well as more disease prevention counseling, health education, and health promotion activities than physicians (Mehrota et al., 2009). Another study which used data from the Association of American Medical Colleges’ Consumer Survey showed that consumers are open to the idea of obtaining medical care from NPs (Dill, Pankow, Erikson Shippman, 2013). Compared to physicians, CNPs traditionally are reimbursed at a lower Medicare rate for delivery of the same services. Yet, while our healthcare desperately needs to reduce cost, it is estimated that a cost savings would remain, even if CNPs were to receive equivalent reimbursement, because they utilize fewer resources than physicians (Health Policy Brief, 2012). In 2009, on average, it cost 20% less to visit a nurse practitioner than to visit a physician (Eibner, Hussey, Ridgely Glynn, 2009). In Massachusetts, after the insurance reform was implemented, it was shown that the state could save from $4.2 to $8.4 billion over a 10-year period when nurse practitioners use was increased (Eibner et al., 2009). Accountable care organizations (ACA), community and nurse-managed health centers, patient-centered medical homes success will require that CNPs have full scope of practice to have the ability to practice independently without restrictions (Fairman, Rowe, Hassmiller, Shalala, 2011). Organizational barriers exist for reimbursements of care provided by CNPs. Notwithstanding that the quality and standards of preventing care established in the ACA are met by these providers, their current rate of reimbursement for Medicare services to residents in long term care (LTC) facilities is only 85 percent of the rate that physicians charge for the same services (American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 2013). The unlimited contribution of CPNs will be even more important considering that with the implementation of the ACA, millions of newly insured Americans will seek the access to healthcare. Expanding the scope of practice of advanced practice nurses can possibly translate to an increased access to healthcare for many current and future patients, especially in underserved areas (National Governors Association, 2012). There is a need for the uniform standards for practice and to eliminate the difference in the level of practice among CNPs from one state to another (NGA, 2012). The scope of practice will establish which activities are reimbursed by third party payers and will have direct impact on the independent practice of CNPs (NGA, 2012). When CNPs are required to collaborate or to be supervised by the physician, they are less likely to be selected by insurers and are unable to directly bill for the services they render (NGA, 2012). Instead, the bill for their services is coded under the physician’s provider number. If the requirement for physician involvement is dropped, CNPs would be allowed to be credentialed as providers and directly reimbursed for their services. This is also important if a physician moves or does not want to collaborate with a CNP. Another issue related to scope of practice is the lack of universal, federal recommendations for mobility across states for practitioners involved in telemedicine. The significant discrepancy in CNP scopes of practice across states limits the ability of expert CNPs to work as consultants in a different state, which may limit the access of individuals to specialty consultations that may not be available locally. In their study of nurse migration, it was reported that nurses, including CNPs, move to states with less restrictive scopes of practice. Migration of CNPs may contribute to the shortage of primary care providers, especially in disadvantaged areas (Kalist, Spurr, Wada, 2010). Nurses are restricted to certify in some state to do health care visits or stay in skilled nursing facilities, admit patients to hospitals or prescribe medications without physician’s supervision and because of that nurses move to less restrictive states, and from primary to specialist care, a resu lting loss of access to care a lot of patients (Eibner et al., 2009). With millions of people signing up for health care under the Affordable Care Act, the aging population and number of chronic illnesses growing, the demand for primary care services is projected to grow. NPs will play a significant part in expansion and shaping of health care delivery. The looming shortage of primary care practitioners can be alleviating by integrating into health care delivery primary care nurse practitioners and physicians assistants. Medical profession should have an active interest in advancing the role of NPs and making sure that the high standards of the profession are intact. While NPs should not be a replacement for doctors they should be allowed to practice to the full extent of their training. Relaxing the scope of practice laws that prevent nurse practitioners from playing the important role in providing basic primary health care services is the first step that should be undertaken. References American Association of Nurse Practitioners (2013). Issues at-a-glance: Full practice authority.  Retrieved from: http://www.aanp.org Association of Advanced Nursing Practice Educators. (2009).Universities and advanced practice  programmes. Retrieved from  http://www.aanpe.org/AANPEHEIsMembers/AANPEMemberUniversitiesCoursesProgrammes/tabid/469/language/en-US/Default.aspx Bauer, J. (2010). Nurse practitioners as an underutilized resource for health reform: Evidence-based demonstrations of cost-effectiveness. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse  Practitioners 22 (2010), 228-231. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012). Chronic diseases and health promotion.  Retrieved from: http://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/overview/index.htm Dill, M., Pankow, S., Erikson, C., Shipman, S. (2013). Health Affairs. Retrieved from  http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/32/6/1135.abstract The Role of Nurse Practitioners in Meeting Increasing Demand for Primary Care. (2012)  Retrieved from  http://www.nga.org/cms/home/nga-center-for-best-practices/center-publications/page-health-publications/col2-content/main-content-list/the-role-of-nurse-practitioners.html The, O. C., Pr, N. (2012). Education and Training: Family Physicians and Nurse Practitioners.  Retrieved from  http://www.aafp.org/dam/AAFP/documents/news/NP-Kit-FP-NP-UPDATED.pdf Eibner, C.E., Hussey, P.S., Ridgely, M,S., McGlynn, E,A. (2009). Controlling health care  spending in Massachusetts: an analysis of options. Retrieved from  http://www.rand.org/pubs/technical_reports/2009/RAND_TR733.pdf Fairman, J., Rowe, J., Hassmiller, S., Shalala, D. (2011). Broadening the scope of nursing  practice. New England Journal of Medicine 364(3), 193-196.  doi:10.1056/NEJMp1012121 Farmer, R., (2014) Milestone New York legislation eases practice restrictions on NPs.  Retrieved from  http://news.nurse.com/article/20140505/NY02/305050020#.VGAJdMnsoh0 Hauer, K.E., Durning, S.J., Kernan, W.N., Fagan, M.J., Mintz, M., O’Sullivan, P.S†¦.Schwartz,  M.D. (2008). Factors associated with medical students career choices regarding internal  medicine. JAMA, 300(10), 1154-1164. Kalist, D., Spurr, S., Wada, T. (2010). Immigration of Nurses. Industrial Relations: A Journal  of Economy and Society, 49(3), 406-428. Mehrota, A. et al. (2009). Comparing Costs and Quality of Care at Retail Clinics with that of  Other Medical Settings for 3 Common Illnesses. Annals of Internal Medicine, 151, 321-323. Nurse Practitioners and Primary Care. (2013). Retrieved from  http://www.healthaffairs.org/healthpolicybriefs/brief.php?brief_id=79 Sealey, G. (2014). U.S. Elderly to Double in 25 Years. Retrieved from  http://abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=91943page=1 U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2012 (131st Edition) Washington,  DC, 2011. Retrieved from: http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/. Verdon, D., Ritchie, A., Marbury, D., Mazzolini, C. (2014). (Slideshow) Scope of practice  debate in primary care spreads to 8 states. Retrieved from  http://medicaleconomics.modernmedicine.com/medical-economics/content/tags/midlevel-providers/slideshow-scope-practice-debate-primary-care-sprea?page=full